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John Henry Poynting (9 September 185230 March 1914〔GRO Register of Births: DEC 1852 8c 391 BARTON - John Henry Poynting, mmn = unknown〕〔GRO Register of Deaths: MAR 1914 6d 128 KING'S N. - John Henry Poynting, aged 61〕) was an English physicist. He was a professor of physics at Mason Science College, from 1880 to 1900, and then the successor institution, the University of Birmingham until his death. Poynting was the youngest son of Thomas Elford Poynting, a Unitarian minister. He was born at the parsonage of the Monton Unitarian Chapel in Eccles, Lancashire (his father serving as minister there from 1846 to 1878.) In his boyhood he was educated at the nearby school operated by his father. From 1867 to 1872 he attended Owen's College, now the University of Manchester, where his physics teachers included Osborne Reynolds and Balfour Stewart. From 1872 to 1876 he was a student at Cambridge University, where he attained high honours in mathematics after taking grinds with Edward Routh. In the late 1870s he worked in the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge under James Clerk Maxwell.〔(John Henry Poynting's biography at Institute of Physics ).〕 He was the developer and eponym of the Poynting vector, which describes the direction and magnitude of electromagnetic energy flow and is used in the Poynting theorem, a statement about energy conservation for electric and magnetic fields. This work was first published in 1884. He performed a measurement of Newton's gravitational constant by innovative means during 1893. In 1903 he was the first to realise that the Sun's radiation can draw in small particles towards it:〔, (Extract of page 437 )〕 this was later named the Poynting–Robertson effect. He discovered the torsion-extension coupling in finite strain elasticity. This is now known as the (positive) Poynting effect in torsion. Poynting and the Nobel prizewinner J. J. Thomson co-authored a multi-volume undergraduate physics textbook, which was in print for about 50 years and was in widespread use during the first third of the 20th century.〔For a lengthy though incomplete listing of the editions of Poynting and Thomson's ''Text-book of Physics'' see (Worldcat.org ).〕 Poynting wrote most of it.〔Reported in the biography of JJ Thomson by Davis & Falconer, previewable at (Google Book Search Preview ).〕 He was awarded an honorary MSc in Pure Science in 1901 by Birmingham University.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://bhamalumni.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=1111&frcrld=1 )〕 Poynting lived at 11 St Augustine's Road, Edgbaston with his family and servants for some years. He previously lived at 66 Beaufort Road, Edgbaston (demolished) and died of a diabetic coma, aged 61, at 10 Ampton Road, Edgbaston in 1914. == Works by J. H. Poynting == * 1884 ''A Comparison of the Fluctuations in the Price of Wheat and in the Cotton and Silk Imports into Great Britain'', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society; 47, 1884, pp. 34–64 * 1911 ''(A Text-book of Physics: volume III: Heat )'' London, C. Griffin * 1913 ''(The earth; its shape, size, weight and spin )'' Cambridge University Press * 1914 ''(A Text-book of Physics: Electricity and Magnetism. Pts. I and II: Static electricity and magnetism )'' London, C. Griffin * 1920 ''(Collected Scientific Papers )'' Cambridge University Press 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Henry Poynting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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